prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb<\/a> prob\u011bhly 14. kv\u011btna v Turecku tak\u00e9 volby parlamentn\u00ed. Jejich v\u00fdsledek se nesl ve znamen\u00ed nacionalismu, co\u017e p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy nedok\u00e1zaly spolehliv\u011b podchytit.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTurecka jako mocnost sv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n Nacionalismus je dlouhodob\u00fdm prvkem tureck\u00e9 politiky a jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kamen\u016f ideologie ustaven\u00e9 zakladatelem republiky Kemalem Mustafou Atat\u00fcrkem. Neb\u00fdval\u00fd vzestup nacionalistick\u00fdch stran zp\u016fsobil ale a\u017e p\u0159\u00edliv uprchl\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fd u\u010dinil Turecko b\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed zem\u00ed s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem uprchl\u00edk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b, spolu se zm\u011bnou volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona. To se v dal\u0161\u00edch letech pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b projev\u00ed na podob\u011b tureck\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tureck\u00fd nacionalismus, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z p\u0159edstavy o tureck\u00e9 v\u00fdjime\u010dnosti, se od osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed za\u010dal sp\u00e1jet s tureck\u00fdm islamismem. Ov\u0161em a\u017e od roku 2015 se stal nacionalismus v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm na televizn\u00edch obrazovk\u00e1ch i v novin\u00e1ch a dnes z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem definuje tureckou politiku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed politick\u00e9ho projektu prezidenta Erdo\u011fana, kter\u00fd neust\u00e1le \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na emoce ob\u010dan\u016f a vol\u00e1 po obnov\u011b za\u0161l\u00e9 sl\u00e1vy osmansk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria v nov\u00e9m imperi\u00e1ln\u00edm Turecku. Poukazuje nap\u0159\u00edklad na n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam Turecka v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch a jeho schopnost postavit se sv\u011btov\u00fdm velmocem. Sv\u00e9bytn\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika v Erdo\u011fan\u011b pod\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 zaru\u010dit n\u00e1vrat Turecka jako mocnosti sv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dvac\u00e1t\u00e9 stolet\u00ed bylo podle n\u011bj dobou poroby a pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. V jednadvac\u00e1t\u00e9m stolet\u00ed se m\u00e1 pod jeho veden\u00edm Turecku a Turk\u016fm navr\u00e1tit d\u016fstojnost a m\u00edsto mezi velmocemi: nadch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00fd \u201etureck\u00e9 stolet\u00ed\u201c. V nov\u00e9m imperi\u00e1ln\u00edm projektu hraje prim apel na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitu, kter\u00e1 se v d\u016fsledku hlubok\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 krize a siln\u00e9 imigra\u010dn\u00ed uprchlick\u00e9 vlny st\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed a sebe\u00facty mnoha tureck\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Erdo\u011fanovy grandi\u00f3zn\u00ed projekty, jako je t\u0159et\u00ed most p\u0159es Bospor, nov\u00e9 istanbulsk\u00e9 leti\u0161t\u011b nebo pl\u00e1novan\u00fd Istanbulsk\u00fd kan\u00e1l propojuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010cern\u00e9 mo\u0159e a Marmarsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e, stejn\u011b jako stovky kilometr\u016f nov\u00fdch d\u00e1lnic, nov\u00e9 nemocnice, univerzity a obchodn\u00ed komplexy maj\u00ed symbolizovat velikost Turecka. Uk\u00e1zky vysp\u011bl\u00e9 techniky maj\u00ed vyvol\u00e1vat pocit, \u017ee Turecko je centrem technologi\u00ed budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u016fraz na vlastn\u00ed zbrojn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm z\u00e1vislosti na Z\u00e1padu pat\u0159\u00ed mezi kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st strategie. Tento sm\u011br ostatn\u011b hl\u00e1sali oba prezident\u0161t\u00ed kandid\u00e1ti \u2014 v projevech prosazovali takzvanou tureckou cestu, co\u017e nen\u00ed ani spojenectv\u00ed s Ruskem, ale ani se Z\u00e1padem. M\u00e1 j\u00edt o sv\u00e9bytnou pragmatickou politiku, kter\u00e1 bude prim\u00e1rn\u011b h\u00e1jit tureck\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy a na jejich z\u00e1klad\u011b teprve vytv\u00e1\u0159et spojenectv\u00ed v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pyrrhovo v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n V\u00fdrazn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 po volb\u00e1ch \u0161patn\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 situace zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 bude tureck\u00e9ho prezidenta sm\u011b\u0159ovat k prohlubov\u00e1n\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch vztah\u016f s rusk\u00fdm prezidentem Putinem. Erdo\u011fan je popisuje jako d\u016fvod, pro\u010d dok\u00e1zal dojednat dohodu o obil\u00ed, \u010di propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch ukrajinsk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch zajatc\u016f. Velmi by si p\u0159\u00e1l, aby Turecko hr\u00e1lo kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i m\u00edrov\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch mezi Ukrajinou a Ruskem, a t\u00edm zpe\u010detilo svou grandi\u00f3znost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dod\u00e1vky zbran\u00ed na Ukrajinu na druhou stranu d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u00fdraznou reklamu nastupuj\u00edc\u00edmu zbrojn\u00edmu pr\u016fmyslu a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b utlumuj\u00ed kritiku, \u017ee se Turecko nep\u0159ipojilo k z\u00e1padn\u00edm sankc\u00edm. Tureck\u00fd prezident je ale p\u0159esto na Rusku st\u00e1le v\u00edce ekonomicky z\u00e1visl\u00fd, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 klasick\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 strategii podma\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed okoln\u00edch zem\u00ed. Rusko-tureck\u00fd obchod u\u017e dosahuje ro\u010dn\u011b dvaa\u0161edes\u00e1ti miliard dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Putin Turecku p\u0159ed volbami odlo\u017eil spl\u00e1tky za zemn\u00ed plyn a m\u016f\u017ee zprost\u0159edkovat dohodu mezi Tureckem a S\u00fdri\u00ed nutnou pro p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00ed sl\u00edben\u00e9ho jednoho milionu syrsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f do severn\u00ed S\u00fdrie. Odm\u011bnou bylo Putinovi Erdo\u011fanovo prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee se nep\u0159ipoj\u00ed k z\u00e1padn\u00edm sankc\u00edm Turecko. A hlavn\u011b v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed kandid\u00e1ta, kter\u00fd Putina ozna\u010duje za p\u0159\u00edtele, zat\u00edmco Erdo\u011fan\u016fv soupe\u0159 Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu m\u011bl k Rusku v\u00fdrazn\u011b kriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postoj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Je ot\u00e1zkou, jak se tureck\u00e9mu prezidentovi poda\u0159\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it ekonomick\u00e9, institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, infrastrukturn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ture\u010dt\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i ozna\u010duj\u00ed jeho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed za Pyrrhovo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Erdo\u011fan p\u0159ed volbami a b\u011bhem nich bombardoval ve\u0159ejnost nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdm, diskrimina\u010dn\u00edm a \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdm jazykem a zd\u016fraz\u0148oval pot\u0159ebu siln\u00e9ho v\u016fdce. Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak zdatn\u00fd v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nen\u00ed schopen vychovat sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1sledovn\u00edka. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z jeho kandid\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 kdy postavil do voleb, prohr\u00e1l \u2014 naposledy to bylo vid\u011bt v komun\u00e1ln\u00edch volb\u00e1ch v roce 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Erdo\u011fan je ov\u0161em velmi dobr\u00fd r\u00e9tor a dok\u00e1\u017ee sjednotit lidi kolem a\u017e mytick\u00fdch prvk\u016f tureck\u00e9 identity. Nem\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak nab\u00eddnout \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed komplexn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f tureck\u00e9 ekonomiky a spole\u010dnosti, a tak bude d\u00e1le muset c\u00edlit na dojmy a pocity. Spole\u010dnost v d\u016fsledku toho str\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u0161ude tam, kde je pot\u0159eba spolupr\u00e1ce. Zaost\u00e1v\u00e1 nejen um\u011bn\u00ed, ale i vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I proto budou komun\u00e1ln\u00ed volby v roce 2024 pro osud Turecka z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Pokud se opozici poda\u0159\u00ed z\u00edskat v\u00edce samospr\u00e1v, m\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9pe \u010delit obrovsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed ma\u0161in\u00e9rii, kter\u00e1 podporuje sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav. K tomu bude muset opozice pochopit, \u017ee pos\u00edlit na m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni a udr\u017eet si velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta jako Ankaru a Istanbul m\u016f\u017ee jen zm\u011bnou ve veden\u00ed hlavn\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00ed Republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 strany (CHP) a silnou a dob\u0159e p\u0159ipravenou kontaktn\u00ed kampan\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010cl\u00e1nek Lucie Tungul, p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b akademick\u00e9 rady TOPAZ, vy\u0161el v den\u00edku Referendum<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nVolby v Turecku nep\u0159inesly jen pokra\u010dovan\u00ed vl\u00e1dy autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho prezidenta Erdo\u011fana, ale i v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed jeho strany v parlamentn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch. Tureck\u00e1 politika bude nad\u00e1le vych\u00e1zet z nacionalismu a imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed vize \u201etureck\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed\u201c. \u010cl\u00e1nek vy\u0161el v den\u00edku Referendum. Ve st\u00ednu prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb prob\u011bhly 14. kv\u011btna v Turecku tak\u00e9 volby parlamentn\u00ed. Jejich v\u00fdsledek se nesl ve znamen\u00ed nacionalismu, co\u017e p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy nedok\u00e1zaly spolehliv\u011b podchytit. Turecka jako mocnost sv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu Nacionalismus […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":19828,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19827"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19827\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19845,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19827\/revisions\/19845"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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