{"id":22363,"date":"2026-08-03T11:08:48","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T09:08:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thinktopaz.cz\/?p=22363"},"modified":"2026-08-03T11:20:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T09:20:52","slug":"sarka-waisova-kriticke-suroviny-politika-pravidla-instituce-a-rizeni-v-evropske-unii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/2026\/08\/03\/sarka-waisova-kriticke-suroviny-politika-pravidla-instituce-a-rizeni-v-evropske-unii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160\u00e1rka Waisov\u00e1: Kritick\u00e9 suroviny: politika, pravidla, instituce a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v Evropsk\u00e9 unii"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Shrnut\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dekarbonizace a rozvoj digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky sni\u017euj\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po fosiln\u00edch palivech, sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ak zvy\u0161uj\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po nerostn\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch nezbytn\u00fdch pro zelenou transformaci. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto surovin jsou v\u0161ak stejn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 jako n\u011bkter\u00e1 fosiln\u00ed paliva. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou jednozna\u010dn\u00e1: nedostatek kritick\u00fdch surovin a v\u00fdpadky jejich dod\u00e1vek nejsou jen teoretick\u00fdm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159em. V n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch oblastech je riziko p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed dod\u00e1vek mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysok\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) se vedle \u010c\u00edny a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f st\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch spot\u0159ebitel\u016f kritick\u00fdch surovin. EU z\u00e1rove\u0148 disponuje jen minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlastn\u00edmi zdroji t\u011bchto surovin a je ve zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na jejich dovozu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kapitola si klade za c\u00edl zmapovat, analyzovat a zhodnotit kroky, kter\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e1 unie podnik\u00e1 k minimalizaci sv\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti a zranitelnosti v jednotliv\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin, a vymezit aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my a budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzvy v oblasti p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 unijn\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova:<\/strong> kritick\u00e9 suroviny; EU; hodnotov\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec kritick\u00fdch surovin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00davod<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mnoho zem\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed k zelen\u00e9 a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice. Aby byl tento p\u0159echod mo\u017en\u00fd, mus\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b odv\u011btv\u00ed doj\u00edt k z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m. Dekarbonizace a rozvoj digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky sni\u017euj\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po fosiln\u00edch palivech, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak zvy\u0161uj\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po tzv. zelen\u00fdch nerostn\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch. Tyto suroviny jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro v\u00fdrobu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro bezemisn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl a dopravu a zahrnuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u011b\u010f, k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00fd kov a lithium (IEA, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u201ezelen\u00e9\u201c nerostn\u00e9 suroviny jsou v\u0161ak stejn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 jako n\u011bkter\u00e1 fosiln\u00ed paliva. K jejich vz\u00e1cnosti p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vky (m\u011b\u010f), zaost\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed produkce za popt\u00e1vkou (lithium), vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch a nerovnom\u011brn\u011b rozlo\u017een\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 (prvky vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin \u010di kobalt), omezen\u00ed v doprav\u011b (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed grafit) a politick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed omezuj\u00edc\u00edch t\u011b\u017ebu nebo obchod (podrobn\u011bji viz IRENA, 2023; IEA, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou jednozna\u010dn\u00e1: nedostatek kritick\u00fdch surovin a v\u00fdpadky jejich dod\u00e1vek nejsou jen teoretick\u00fdm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159em. V n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch oblastech je riziko p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed dod\u00e1vek mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysok\u00e9. P\u0159\u00edklady zahrnuj\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed \u010c\u00edny zastavit v roce 2010 v\u00fdvoz vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin do Japonska (Bradsher, 2010), rozhodnut\u00ed Demokratick\u00e9 republiky Kongo (DRK) z roku 2022 do\u010dasn\u011b pozastavit v\u00fdvoz surov\u00e9ho kobaltu, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem bylo p\u0159im\u011bt odb\u011bratelsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a st\u00e1ty k budov\u00e1n\u00ed zpracovatelsk\u00fdch kapacit p\u0159\u00edmo na kon\u017esk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed z podzimu roku 2023 zav\u00e9st v\u00fdvozn\u00ed omezen\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed grafit, jeho\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Peking usiluje o kontrolu dod\u00e1vek kritick\u00fdch nerostn\u00fdch surovin v reakci na nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzvy sv\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed dominanci (Lieu a Patton, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pr\u00e1v\u011b jejich v\u00fdznam a vz\u00e1cnost vedly k tomu, \u017ee se pro \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bchto surovin za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat term\u00edn <strong>kritick\u00e9 suroviny<\/strong> (Critical Raw Materials, CRMs). V Evropsk\u00e9 unii ozna\u010duje pojem \u201ekritick\u00e9 suroviny\u201c materi\u00e1ly z\u00e1sadn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho a strategick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro zelenou a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed transformaci, obrann\u00e9 a kosmick\u00e9 aplikace, vykazuj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 riziko naru\u0161en\u00ed dod\u00e1vek a nelze je nahradit dostupn\u00fdmi alternativami (CRMA, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evropsk\u00e1 unie deklarovala, \u017ee do roku 2040 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f o 90 %. Proch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed energetickou transformac\u00ed a dekarbonizuje pr\u016fmysl, dopravu i vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Vedle \u010c\u00edny a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f se st\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch spot\u0159ebitel\u016f \u201ezelen\u00fdch\u201c kritick\u00fdch surovin. Jejich zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 spot\u0159eba v posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech letech souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 s konfliktem na Ukrajin\u011b, proto\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm spot\u0159ebitelem t\u011bchto surovin je pr\u00e1v\u011b zbrojn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evropsk\u00e1 unie p\u0159itom disponuje jen minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlastn\u00edmi zdroji kritick\u00fdch surovin a je ve zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na dovozu (IEA, 2025; CRMA, 2024). Jeliko\u017e jsou faktory ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jejich v\u00fdznam do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry subjektivn\u00ed a z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b a kontextu, vytvo\u0159ila \u0159ada zem\u00ed vlastn\u00ed seznamy pro n\u011b kritick\u00fdch surovin. Jak vl\u00e1dn\u00ed, tak soukrom\u00e9 subjekty rozv\u00edjej\u00ed celou \u0159adu iniciativ a zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti dod\u00e1vek kritick\u00fdch surovin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u00edle a vymezen\u00ed t\u00e9matu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EU po dlouhou dobu chyb\u011bl mechanismus, kter\u00fd by umo\u017e\u0148oval \u0159e\u0161it kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 i dlouhodob\u00e1 naru\u0161en\u00ed hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin. Po rusk\u00e9 invazi na Ukrajinu a v n\u00e1vaznosti na prvn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm kritick\u00fdch surovin jako n\u00e1stroje n\u00e1tlaku vypracovala Evropsk\u00e1 komise a n\u011bkolik \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU n\u011bkolik politick\u00fdch a pr\u00e1vn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a opat\u0159en\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na hospoda\u0159en\u00ed se zdroji a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f kritick\u00fdch surovin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00edlem t\u00e9to kapitoly je zmapovat, analyzovat a posoudit, co EU \u010din\u00ed, aby minimalizovala z\u00e1vislost a zranitelnost v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin, a identifikovat probl\u00e9my a budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzvy v oblasti politiky EU t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se kritick\u00fdch surovin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm textu nejprve p\u0159edstav\u00edme, jak jsou kritick\u00e9 suroviny vymezeny v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech EU. Pot\u00e9 se budeme v\u011bnovat historii kritick\u00fdch surovin v agend\u011b EU, okolnostem, za nich\u017e se tato politika za\u010dala formovat, i faktor\u016fm, kter\u00e9 vedly Evropskou komisi k legislativn\u00ed \u00faprav\u011b povinnosti EU a \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f rozv\u00edjet hodnotov\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec kritick\u00fdch surovin. Ve t\u0159et\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti analyzujeme opat\u0159en\u00ed a postupy, kter\u00e9 EU dosud vyu\u017e\u00edvala k pos\u00edlen\u00ed odolnosti hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin a k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek t\u011bchto surovin do EU. Z\u00e1v\u011brem se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na mezery v politice EU v oblasti kritick\u00fdch surovin a na v\u00fdzvy, jim\u017e budou muset \u010delit jak budouc\u00ed p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed EU, tak budouc\u00ed Evropsk\u00e1 komise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vymezen\u00ed kritick\u00fdch surovin v EU a c\u00edle EU pro hodnotov\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec kritick\u00fdch surovin<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Terminologick\u00e9 vymezen\u00ed a aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed seznam kritick\u00fdch a strategick\u00fdch surovin (tabulka 1) jsou obsa\u017eeny v na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00fdm se stanov\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch a udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek kritick\u00fdch surovin (Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2024\/1252).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto pr\u00e1vn\u00edho aktu (bod 2) se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee kritick\u00e9 suroviny jsou \u201emateri\u00e1ly pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 na po\u010d\u00e1tku mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch hodnotov\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f a \u010dasto p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nepostradateln\u00e9 vstupy pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu strategick\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie, digit\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu, letectv\u00ed a obrany. Strategick\u00e9 suroviny by m\u011bly zahrnovat suroviny, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vysok\u00fd strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho trhu s ohledem na jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve strategick\u00fdch technologi\u00edch, je\u017e jsou z\u00e1kladem zelen\u00e9 a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed transformace nebo maj\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro obrann\u00e9 \u010di letecko kosmick\u00e9 aplikace, kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm rozd\u00edlem mezi glob\u00e1ln\u00ed nab\u00eddkou a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1danou popt\u00e1vkou a u nich\u017e je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produkce relativn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9\u201c (CRMA, bod 6 od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Strategick\u00e9 suroviny jsou suroviny, \u201ekter\u00e9 dosahuj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch hodnot z hlediska strategick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho r\u016fstu popt\u00e1vky a obt\u00ed\u017enosti zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed produkce\u201c (CRMA, \u010dl. 3 odst. 2). Tato krit\u00e9ria jsou posuzov\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b metodiky stanoven\u00e9 v na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v odd\u00edlu 2 p\u0159\u00edlohy I.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Samotn\u00fd seznam strategick\u00fdch surovin je uveden v odd\u00edlu 1 p\u0159\u00edlohy I a zahrnuje 17 surovin. Kritick\u00e9 suroviny pak p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed skupinu (celkem 34 polo\u017eek), kter\u00e1 zahrnuje jak strategick\u00e9 suroviny, tak \u201esuroviny, kter\u00e9 dosahuj\u00ed nebo p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed prahovou hodnotu 1 pro riziko naru\u0161en\u00ed dod\u00e1vek a prahovou hodnotu 2,8 pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdznam\u201c (CRMA, \u010dl. 4, p\u0159\u00edlohy I a II).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krom\u011b seznamu kritick\u00fdch a strategick\u00fdch surovin obsahuje Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e spole\u010dn\u00e9 c\u00edle EU a povinnosti \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Stanov\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9, \u017ee c\u00edlem je \u201evytvo\u0159it spole\u010dn\u00fd r\u00e1mec Unie, kter\u00fd zajist\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm a udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm dod\u00e1vk\u00e1m kritick\u00fdch surovin a kter\u00fd zachov\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159skou odolnost Unie a jej\u00ed otev\u0159enou strategickou autonomii\u201c (CRMA, bod 4 od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed d\u00e1le stanov\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edle, jich\u017e maj\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty dos\u00e1hnout do roku 2030:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>EU by m\u011bla zv\u00fd\u0161it vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch geologick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f strategick\u00fdch surovin a vybudovat kapacity pro jejich t\u011b\u017ebu tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pokr\u00fdt alespo\u0148 <strong>10 %<\/strong> spot\u0159eby strategick\u00fdch surovin v Unii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sou\u010dasn\u011b by m\u011bla pos\u00edlit sv\u00e9 zpracovatelsk\u00e9 kapacity tak, aby byla schopna zpracovat alespo\u0148 <strong>40 %<\/strong> sv\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed spot\u0159eby strategick\u00fdch surovin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recykla\u010dn\u00ed kapacity Unie by m\u011bly b\u00fdt schopny pokr\u00fdt alespo\u0148 <strong>25 %<\/strong> jej\u00ed celkov\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed spot\u0159eby strategick\u00fdch surovin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do roku 2030 by Unie nem\u011bla b\u00fdt z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na jedin\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00ed zemi ve v\u00edce ne\u017e <strong>65 %<\/strong> sv\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky jak\u00e9koli strategick\u00e9 suroviny (CRMA, body 11 a 12 od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed a \u010dl. 5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jak vznikala unijn\u00ed agenda pro kritick\u00e9 nerostn\u00e9 suroviny<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historie evropsk\u00e9 debaty o kritick\u00fdch nerostn\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch sah\u00e1 a\u017e do roku 2000, av\u0161ak prvn\u00edm krokem EU k posouzen\u00ed kritick\u00fdch surovin byla <strong>EU Raw Materials Initiative<\/strong> z roku 2008, kter\u00e1 stanovila strategii ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na neenergetick\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prvn\u00ed seznam kritick\u00fdch surovin na \u00farovni EU byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn v roce 2011 (tabulka 1). Od t\u00e9 doby je tento seznam aktualizov\u00e1n ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u0159i roky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hodnocen\u00ed z roku 2011 identifikovalo 14 kritick\u00fdch surovin, v roce 2014 seznam zahrnoval 20 kritick\u00fdch surovin, v roce 2017 obsahoval 27 kritick\u00fdch surovin, v roce 2020 vzrostl jejich po\u010det na 30 a nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed seznam byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn jako sou\u010d\u00e1st Aktu o kritick\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch z roku 2024 a zahrnoval 34 kritick\u00fdch surovin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u0161echna hodnocen\u00ed kritick\u00fdch surovin a jejich seznamy vypracovan\u00e9 v letech 2011 a\u017e 2020 byla nez\u00e1vazn\u00e1 a slou\u017eila jako podklad pro debatu mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Situace se zm\u011bnila v obdob\u00ed mezi lety 2020 a 2022. Kritick\u00e9 suroviny se staly kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem pro to, aby evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl mohl napl\u0148ovat politick\u00e9 c\u00edle EU, zejm\u00e9na zelenou a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed transformaci a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti a strategick\u00e9 autonomie Unie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rusk\u00e1 invaze na Ukrajinu v roce 2022, americk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed inflace (Inflation Reduction Act, IRA) a rostouc\u00ed expanze \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f na africk\u00fd trh se surovinami p\u0159im\u011bly EU ke zm\u011bn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupu ke kritick\u00fdm surovin\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V dubnu 2024 proto Evropsk\u00fd parlament p\u0159ijal na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00fdm se stanov\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch a udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek kritick\u00fdch surovin. Tento pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis slou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00e1klad pro vymezen\u00ed seznamu kritick\u00fdch surovin pro EU, aktualizoval jejich seznam na 34 polo\u017eek a stanovil c\u00edle EU pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho a odoln\u00e9ho hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin pro evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tabulka 1. Historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj seznamu kritick\u00fdch surovin EU<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(N\u00e1sleduje tabulka zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj seznamu kritick\u00fdch surovin v letech 2011, 2014, 2017, 2020 a 2023. Strategick\u00e9 suroviny podle Aktu o kritick\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch jsou v p\u016fvodn\u00edm dokumentu ozna\u010deny \u0161ed\u00fdm podbarven\u00edm.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Surovina<\/th><th>2011<\/th><th>2014<\/th><th>2017<\/th><th>2020<\/th><th>2023<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Antimon<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arsen<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Baryt<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bauxit<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Beryllium<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bismut<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bor\/Bor\u00e1ty<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chrom<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kobalt<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Koksovateln\u00e9 uhl\u00ed<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u011b\u010f<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u017divec<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fluorit<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Galium<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Germanium<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hafnium<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Helium<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 prvky vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin (REE)<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indium<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lithium<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lehk\u00e9 prvky vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin (REE)<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Magnezit<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mangan<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grafit<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kau\u010duk<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nikl<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Niob<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Platinov\u00e9 kovy<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fosf\u00e1tov\u00e1 hornina<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fosfor<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Skandium<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>K\u0159em\u00edkov\u00fd kov<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stroncium<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tantal<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Titanov\u00fd kov<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wolfram<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vanad<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><td>\u25cf<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zdroj:<\/strong> Akt o kritick\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch (Critical Raw Materials Act, Appendix I a Appendix II).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Regulatorn\u00ed r\u00e1mec, institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed struktura a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed hodnotov\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f kritick\u00fdch surovin v EU<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed jsou vyv\u00edjeny v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 snahy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed strategick\u00fdch z\u00e1vislost\u00ed EU v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin. Politiky a opat\u0159en\u00ed EU lze rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika skupin podle toho, co tvo\u0159\u00ed j\u00e1dro dan\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed \u010di \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tato \u010d\u00e1st je v\u011bnov\u00e1na anal\u00fdze existuj\u00edc\u00edch skupin politik. Ka\u017edou z nich mapuji na z\u00e1klad\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 EU p\u0159ijala za \u00fa\u010delem vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho a diverzifikovan\u00e9ho hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin. Politiky a dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 EU p\u0159ijala, lze rozd\u011blit do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch skupin (\u010dinnosti a iniciativy zahrnut\u00e9 do t\u011bchto skupin nejsou vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed, uv\u00e1d\u00edme v\u0161ak nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kroky, kter\u00e9 byly podniknuty).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob kritick\u00fdch surovin, mo\u017en\u00fdch geologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165, t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch a zpracovatelsk\u00fdch kapacit a koordinace vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edho \u00fasil\u00ed o rozvoj v\u0161ech f\u00e1z\u00ed hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin od t\u011b\u017eby po recyklaci<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od roku 2020 bylo vypracov\u00e1no a zve\u0159ejn\u011bno n\u011bkolik prognostick\u00fdch studi\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad studie <strong>CRM Foresight Study<\/strong> z roku 2020 \u010di <strong>Anal\u00fdza dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f a progn\u00f3za popt\u00e1vky po materi\u00e1lech ve strategick\u00fdch technologi\u00edch a odv\u011btv\u00edch v EU<\/strong> z roku 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedn\u00edm z nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projekt\u016f je vznik <strong>Geologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro Evropu (Geological Service for Europe)<\/strong>. C\u00edlem tohoto projektu je vytvo\u0159it celoevropskou datovou a informa\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017ebu se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na kritick\u00e9 suroviny (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.geologicalservice.eu\">www.geologicalservice.eu<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tvorba strategi\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V roce 2020 p\u0159edstavila Komise <strong>Ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n pro kritick\u00e9 suroviny<\/strong> s c\u00edlem rozv\u00edjet odoln\u00e9 hodnotov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n m\u011bl za c\u00edl pos\u00edlit odolnost hodnotov\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f EU, sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost EU na dovozu kritick\u00fdch surovin prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm recyklace, op\u011btovn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f a diverzifikovat zdroje z t\u0159et\u00edch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aktualizov\u00e1no bylo n\u011bkolik strategi\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad <strong>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 strategie<\/strong> (Industrial Strategy, COM [2021] 250), kter\u00e1 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam lep\u0161\u00edho porozum\u011bn\u00ed strategick\u00fdm z\u00e1vislostem EU, tomu, jak se mohou v budoucnu vyv\u00edjet, a m\u00ed\u0159e, v n\u00ed\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed zranitelnosti pro EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V t\u00e9to souvislosti je rovn\u011b\u017e relevantn\u00ed prognostick\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va Komise <strong>Utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 autonomie EU do roku 2040 a v dal\u0161\u00edch letech<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdznamn\u00fd je rovn\u011b\u017e nov\u00fd <strong>Ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n EU pro ob\u011bhov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00fd Komise zve\u0159ejnila v b\u0159eznu 2020. Tento pl\u00e1n zahrnuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed c\u00edle pro recyklaci kritick\u00fdch surovin, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee recyklace m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit tlak na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje, omezit emise a vytvo\u0159it nov\u00e9 podnikatelsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a kvalitn\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Rozvoj instituc\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u016fvodn\u00ed politika kritick\u00fdch surovin nezahrnovala vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed specializovan\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. Postupn\u011b se v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech je vhodn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et spole\u010dn\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 platformy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed EU nabyla v okam\u017eiku, kdy p\u0159istoupila k odpojen\u00ed od rusk\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek zemn\u00edho plynu a zavedla spole\u010dn\u00fd mechanismus agregace popt\u00e1vky na \u00farovni cel\u00e9 Unie. Tento syst\u00e9m byl pozd\u011bji formalizov\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci bal\u00ed\u010dku opat\u0159en\u00ed pro trh s plynem (Gas Package).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pozitivn\u00ed zku\u0161enost Komise s agregac\u00ed popt\u00e1vky po zemn\u00edm plynu ji vedla k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed <strong>Energetick\u00e9 a surovinov\u00e9 platformy EU (2025)<\/strong>. Tato platforma nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed popt\u00e1vky a nab\u00eddky dod\u00e1vek od podnik\u016f a poskytuje slu\u017eby agregace a propojov\u00e1n\u00ed partner\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke spole\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1kup\u016fm \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly energeticky relevantn\u00edch produkt\u016f a strategick\u00fdch surovin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a regulatorn\u00ed ochrana<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po desetilet\u00ed neexistoval \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Situace se zm\u011bnila v roce 2024, kdy byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna dv\u011b na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Akt o kritick\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch (CRMA)<\/strong>, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je zajistit udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky kritick\u00fdch surovin pro evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a odstranit z\u00e1vislost na dovozu z jedin\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Akt o pr\u016fmyslu pro nulov\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 emise (NZIA)<\/strong>, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je pos\u00edlit kapacity a konkurenceschopnost evropsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby technologi\u00ed pro nulov\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 emise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed multilater\u00e1ln\u00edch koalic a partnerstv\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EU se p\u0159ipojila k <strong>Partnerstv\u00ed pro bezpe\u010dnost nerostn\u00fdch surovin<\/strong>, skupin\u011b zem\u00ed (bez \u010c\u00edny), kter\u00e1 usiluje o rozvoj diverzifikovan\u00fdch a udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f kritick\u00fdch surovin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V roce 2020 byla zalo\u017eena <strong>Evropsk\u00e1 aliance pro suroviny (ERMA)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od roku 2021 nav\u00e1zala EU partnerstv\u00ed v oblasti kritick\u00fdch surovin nap\u0159\u00edklad s Kanadou (2021), Ukrajinou (2021), Kazachst\u00e1nem (2022) a Namibi\u00ed (2022). Partnerstv\u00ed a obchodn\u00ed dohody s dal\u0161\u00edmi zem\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed samostatnou kapitolu o surovin\u00e1ch, jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tato uskupen\u00ed a partnerstv\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na spole\u010dn\u00e9 budov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacit ve v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoji v oblasti kritick\u00fdch surovin, uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed dohod k zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00ed hodnotov\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f kritick\u00fdch surovin a budov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch zpracovatelsk\u00fdch kapacit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zem\u011b EU rovn\u011b\u017e spolupracuj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise OSN (UNECE), kter\u00e1 vypracovala klasifika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro cel\u00fd hodnotov\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec kritick\u00fdch surovin. Spolupracuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci Organizace pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a rozvoj (OECD), kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipravila doporu\u010den\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek kritick\u00fdch surovin (Kowalski a Legendre, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Podpora nov\u00fdch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch kapacit za \u00fa\u010delem zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dovednost\u00ed a kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f pro nov\u00e1 zelen\u00e1 a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta a pro v\u00fdzkum a inovace<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch krok\u016f, kter\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e1 komise podnikla za \u00fa\u010delem rozvoje vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti kritick\u00fdch surovin, bylo v roce 2012 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed <strong>Evropsk\u00e9ho inova\u010dn\u00edho partnerstv\u00ed pro suroviny<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e1sledovalo zaveden\u00ed programu <strong>Horizont<\/strong>, \u010dinnost <strong>Spole\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho st\u0159ediska<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za prognostick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy v oblasti kritick\u00fdch surovin, a na z\u00e1klad\u011b Aktu o pr\u016fmyslu pro nulov\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 emise p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho v roce 2024 tak\u00e9 vznik tzv. <strong>akademi\u00ed NZIA<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dalohou akademi\u00ed NZIA bude vytv\u00e1\u0159et vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed obsah a programy ve spolupr\u00e1ci s pr\u016fmyslem s c\u00edlem zajistit dostate\u010dn\u00e9 dovednosti a pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu pro cel\u00fd hodnotov\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V roce 2024 Komise zah\u00e1jila prvn\u00ed z pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 s\u00e9rie akademi\u00ed EU, a to <strong>Evropskou sol\u00e1rn\u00ed akademii<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed v r\u00e1mci EU a s partnery mimo EU<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tv\u016frc\u016fm politik p\u0159ij\u00edmat informovan\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b reagovat na r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy v\u00fdzev, zlep\u0161ovat poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb nebo \u0159\u00eddit st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zdroje. Sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed o kritick\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch v r\u00e1mci EU a s partnery EU p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed obdobn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody jako sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed v jin\u00fdch oblastech lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evropsk\u00e1 komise dosud vytvo\u0159ila n\u011bkolik syst\u00e9m\u016f pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed o kritick\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b zejm\u00e9na webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka <strong>DG GROW<\/strong> v\u011bnovan\u00e1 kritick\u00fdm surovin\u00e1m a webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka <strong>Raw Materials Information System<\/strong>, kterou spravuje Spole\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 st\u0159edisko (JRC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Podpora investic do r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00ed hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EU pot\u0159ebuje sn\u00ed\u017eit rizika spojen\u00e1 s ambicemi evropsk\u00e9ho soukrom\u00e9ho sektoru investovat do hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin mimo EU a l\u00e9pe podporovat evropsk\u00e9 podniky p\u0159i investic\u00edch sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu ke kritick\u00fdm surovin\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem Komise spustila iniciativu <strong>Global Gateway<\/strong> jako hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj k mobilizaci miliard eur na podporu evropsk\u00fdch investic do energetick\u00e9, dopravn\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 infrastruktury v zem\u00edch mimo EU, s d\u016frazem na africk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty disponuj\u00edc\u00ed bohat\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi zdroji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V t\u00e9to stru\u010dn\u00e9 kapitole jsme nast\u00ednili, pro\u010d a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se vyv\u00edjela agenda EU v oblasti kritick\u00fdch surovin. P\u0159edstavili jsme rovn\u011b\u017e soubory opat\u0159en\u00ed a n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e1 komise, \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a partne\u0159i EU p\u0159ijali nebo vypracovali s c\u00edlem pos\u00edlit odolnost a udr\u017eitelnost hodnotov\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f kritick\u00fdch surovin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Navzdory v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu pokroku, jeho\u017e EU p\u0159i rozvoji agendy kritick\u00fdch surovin dos\u00e1hla, p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkolik z\u00e1sadn\u00edch v\u00fdzev, jimi\u017e se budou muset zab\u00fdvat budouc\u00ed p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed i budouc\u00ed Evropsk\u00e1 komise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>EU jako celek, stejn\u011b jako v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, pln\u011b nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u016fj dom\u00e1c\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro t\u011b\u017ebu, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a recyklaci kritick\u00fdch surovin.<\/strong> Zat\u00edmco zem\u011b jako USA nebo \u010c\u00edna identifikovaly potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed lo\u017eiska kritick\u00fdch surovin a zah\u00e1jily pr\u016fzkum jejich rozsahu (IEA, 2025), v\u011bt\u0161ina evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed v oblasti pr\u016fzkumu zaost\u00e1v\u00e1, p\u0159esto\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b ten je p\u0159edpokladem jak\u00e9koli t\u011b\u017eby. Ukazatelem evropsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu je pomal\u00fd r\u016fst v\u00fddaj\u016f na geologick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum (SWD [2023] 161 final: 16). V EU existuje jen omezen\u00e1 v\u016fle hledat lo\u017eiska nebo zvy\u0161ovat produkci kritick\u00fdch surovin. D\u016fvodem tohoto stavu b\u00fdv\u00e1 zpravidla odpor ve\u0159ejnosti v\u016f\u010di projekt\u016fm s potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi dopady na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Av\u0161ak i kdyby \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty dok\u00e1zaly tento ve\u0159ejn\u00fd odpor p\u0159ekonat, otev\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho lo\u017eiska a zah\u00e1jen\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby by trvalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jedno a\u017e dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>EU i \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by m\u011bly l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm zdroj\u016fm kritick\u00fdch surovin.<\/strong> P\u0159esto\u017ee ji\u017e byly u\u010din\u011bny prvn\u00ed kroky v oblasti recyklace a rozvoje hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch zdroj\u00edch, EU by se m\u011bla zam\u011b\u0159it na to, jak jsou klasifikov\u00e1na data o odpadech a recyklovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech, a realizovat podrobn\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f kritick\u00fdch surovin s c\u00edlem zjistit, zda recyklace m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bt k z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed EU kritick\u00fdmi surovinami.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nedostatek systematick\u00e9ho monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce kritick\u00fdch surovin a p\u0159ipravenosti na jeho naru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/strong> Evropsk\u00e1 komise vypracovala posouzen\u00ed kriti\u010dnosti (Criticality Assessment) za \u00fa\u010delem pravideln\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkumu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed situace v produkci kritick\u00fdch surovin, v\u010detn\u011b dovozu a v\u00fdvozu EU a m\u00edry recyklace. Jen m\u00e1lo vl\u00e1d \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU v\u0161ak z\u0159\u00eddilo instituce ur\u010den\u00e9 ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich pr\u016fmyslu kritick\u00fdmi surovinami. V sou\u010dasnosti \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m nedisponuje operativn\u00ed kapacitou pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed trh\u016f v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. V\u0161echny syst\u00e9my jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na dosavadn\u00edm v\u00fdvoji a na statistick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u00edch star\u00fdch dva a\u017e t\u0159i roky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k financov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong> Evropsk\u00e9 banky jsou vystaveny ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu tlaku, aby nepodporovaly t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou obecn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 fosiln\u00edho a neekologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. T\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl m\u00e1 nav\u00edc \u0159adu specifick\u00fdch charakteristik, z nich\u017e jednou je dlouhodob\u00e1 povaha investic. Od zah\u00e1jen\u00ed geologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu do otev\u0159en\u00ed dolu nebo zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u00fdroby uplyne v\u00edce ne\u017e deset let. Vedle z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159ady povolen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje otev\u0159en\u00ed dolu tak\u00e9 vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed doprovodn\u00e9 infrastruktury. Investice do geologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu a t\u011b\u017eby jsou proto ziskov\u00e9 nejd\u0159\u00edve ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00e9m horizontu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si celou publikaci zde:<\/strong> <div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"22262\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || [];FB3D_CLIENT_DATA.push('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');window.FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Literatura<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bradsher, Keith. <em>Amid Tension, China Blocks Vital Exports to Japan.<\/em> The New York Times, 22. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">European Commission. <em>EU Strategic Dependencies and Capacities: Second Stage of In Depth Reviews.<\/em> Commission Staff Working Document SWD(2022) 41 final. Brusel: European Commission, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">European Commission. <em>Impact Assessment Report Accompanying the Document Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Framework for Ensuring a Secure and Sustainable Supply of Critical Raw Materials.<\/em> Commission Staff Working Document SWD(2023) 161 final. Brusel: European Commission, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">European Commission. <em>Study on the Critical Raw Materials for the EU 2023: Final Report.<\/em> Brusel: European Commission, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">European Parliament and Council of the European Union. <em>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady (EU) 2024\/1252 ze dne 11. dubna 2024, kter\u00fdm se z\u0159izuje r\u00e1mec pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky kritick\u00fdch surovin.<\/em> \u00da\u0159edn\u00ed v\u011bstn\u00edk Evropsk\u00e9 unie, 11. dubna 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">International Energy Agency. <em>Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025.<\/em> Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e: IEA, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">International Renewable Energy Agency. <em>Geopolitics of the Energy Transition: Critical Materials.<\/em> Ab\u00fa Dhab\u00ed: IRENA, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kaboli, E. <em>Critical Minerals and Materials for Selected Energy Technologies.<\/em> Congressional Research Service, R48149, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kowalski, Przemyslaw, a Clarisse Legendre. <em>Raw Materials Critical for the Green Transition: Production, International Trade and Export Restrictions.<\/em> OECD Trade Policy Papers, \u010d. 269. Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e: OECD Publishing, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lieu, Siyi, a Dominique Patton. <em>China, World&#8217;s Top Graphite Producer, Tightens Exports of Key Battery Material.<\/em> Reuters, 20. \u0159\u00edjna 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Logan, Sam. <em>Material World: How Europe Can Compete with China in the Race for Africa&#8217;s Critical Minerals.<\/em> Policy Brief. Lond\u00fdn: European Council on Foreign Relations, 2024.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shrnut\u00ed Dekarbonizace a rozvoj digit\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky sni\u017euj\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po fosiln\u00edch palivech, sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ak zvy\u0161uj\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po nerostn\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch nezbytn\u00fdch pro zelenou transformaci. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto surovin jsou v\u0161ak stejn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 jako n\u011bkter\u00e1 fosiln\u00ed paliva. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou jednozna\u010dn\u00e1: nedostatek kritick\u00fdch surovin a v\u00fdpadky jejich dod\u00e1vek nejsou jen teoretick\u00fdm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159em. V n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch oblastech je riziko [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":22366,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-publikace"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22363"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22370,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22363\/revisions\/22370"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.thinktopaz.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}